forward是什么意思(backward是什么意思)

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1. [2018·全国卷Ⅰ] To avoid knee pain, you can run onsoft surfaces, do exercises to (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and getgood running shoes.

2. [2017·全国卷Ⅲ] She is determined to carry on with her(educate).

3. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ] This development was only possible with the(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.

4. [2017·全国卷Ⅰ] However, be(care) not to go to extremes.

5. [2016·浙江卷自选模块] I deeply respect her (determine)and ability to stand up for herself, and I am grateful to have such a positiverole model.

构词法归纳复习

考点一合成法

规则复合名词的主要构成方式

名词 名词

silkworm蚕;classroom教室

形容词 名词

double-dealer两面派

v.-ing 名词

swimming pool游泳池

动词 名词

breakwater防波堤;pickpocket扒手

名词 v.-ing

handwriting笔迹

动词 副词

get-together联欢会;breakthrough突破

副词 动词

downfall垮台;outbreak爆发

规则复合形容词的主要构成方式

形容词 名词 -ed

cold-blooded冷酷的

形容词 名词

high-class高级的

形容词 v.-ing

easy-going随和的

形容词 过去分词

newborn新生的

形容词 形容词

bitter-sweet甜中有苦的

名词 v.-ing

life-saving救生的

名词 过去分词

handmade手工制作的

名词 形容词

nationwide全国性的

数词 名词 ed

one-sided片面的

数词 名词 形容词

five-year-old五周岁的

规则复合动词的主要构成方式

名词 动词

sleepwalk梦游

副词 动词

overcome克服;undergo经历

形容词 动词

blacklist列入黑名单

考点二转化法

名词转化为动词

face脸—face面对

形容词转化为动词

dirty脏的—dirty弄脏

动词转化为名词

design 设计—design图案

形容词转化为名词

daily每日的—daily日报

形容词转化为副词

deep深的—deep深深地

考点三派生法

规则前缀构词法

前缀

例词

dis(不,否定)

dissatisfy使不满意;dishonest不诚实

un(不)

unable不能够;unlucky不幸的

un(做相反动作)

undress脱衣服;unload卸货

in(不,非)

inactive不活跃的;incorrect不正确的

im(不,非)

impolite没有礼貌的

ir(不,非)

irregular不规则的

il(不,非)

illogical不合逻辑的;illegal非法的

non(不,非)

non-existent不存在的

mis(错误的)

misunderstand误解;misfortune厄运

re(重复,再)

rewrite重写;remarry再婚

en(使)

enrich丰富;enable使能够

ex(以前的)

ex-wife前妻

super(在……上面;

超级)

supermarket超市;

supermodel超级名模

under(在……之下)

underestimate低估;

underground地下的

sub(在……下;次于;

低于)

subway地铁;

submarine潜艇

inter(相互之间)

international国际的;

interact相互作用

semi(半)

semi-final半决赛;semicircle半圆

multi(多)

multinational跨国的

(续表)

前缀

例词

kilo(千)

kilometre千米,公里;

kilogram千克

centi(百分之一)

centimetre厘米;centigram厘克

milli(千分之一)

millimetre毫米;milligram毫克

tele(远)

telephone电话;television电视

a(在……上/

里;向……)

aboard在船/火车/飞机上;

ahead在前面;

aside在旁边;abroad在国外

auto(自己的,独自的)

automobile机动车,汽车;

autobiography自传

over(太)

overfull太满的,过多的

extra(额外)

extraordinary非凡的

pre(预先)

predict预告;preview预习

规则后缀构词法

(1)名词后缀

后缀

例词

age(状态;集合)

shortage缺少;marriage婚姻

an/ian(人,……家)

American美国人;

Australian澳大利亚人

ence/ency(构成

抽象名词)

dependence依靠;frequency频率

ance(性质,状态)

importance重要性

ant/ent(人)

assistant助手;student学生

cion/sion/tion/ation

(动作,状态)

suspicion怀疑;tension紧张;

repetition重复

ee(动作承受者或

受影响者)

employee受雇者;refugee难民

er/or(人或物)

writer作家;actor演员

ess(女性)

actress女演员;waitress女服务员;

hostess女主人

ism(主义,……教)

communism共产主义

ist(……主义者,……家)

communist共产主义者

ment(行为;结果;状态;性质)

argument争论;government政府;development发展

ship(关系,身份)

friendship友谊

hood(身份;性质)

childhood童年

ty(状态;性质)

anxiety焦虑

ure(结果;行为;状态;实物)

pressure压力;picture图画;pleasure高兴

al(动作过程;结果)

arrival到达;approval同意

(2)形容词后缀

后缀

例词

al

national国家的;continental大陆的

ed

learned有学识的;talented有才华的

en

golden金色的;wooden木制的

ful

beautiful美丽的;useful有用的

ic/ical

economic经济的;political政治的

ish

childish幼稚的;selfish自私的

ive

creative有创造力的

less

useless无用的;careless粗心的

ly

friendly友好的;deadly致命的

ous

dangerous危险的;glorious光荣的

ward

downward向下的

y

rainy多雨的;noisy吵闹的

(3)动词后缀

后缀

例词

en(使变得)

deepen加深

fy(使……化)

simplify简化

ize/ise(使……

变成……)

realize实现;

industrialize使工业化

(4)副词后缀

后缀

例词

ly

carefully小心地;beautifully美丽地;quickly迅速地

ward(s)

forward(s)向前;backward(s)向后

Ⅰ.单句填空

1. In a good (marry),both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.

2. In a (danger)part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to look for adolphin.

3. Teachers musttry their best to make most of their students (interest)in the subject.

4. When Chinas ancientscientific and technological (achieve) arementioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.

5. To most youngchildren, being laughed at by others is a(n) (pleasant)experience.

6. It wasimportant for you to (write) the essay topolish it according to the editors suggestion.

7. The parentswere shocked by the news that their son needed an (operate)on his knee.

8. Wherever theywent, they were (close)followed by security men.

9. There must besomething (serious)wrong with our society.

10. Peoplecertainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one importantthing to know is, no knowledge is (use).

11. The reporthas a detailed (describe)of what happened yesterday.

12. I followedher to the railway station and then she (appear) suddenly.

13. He hardlyever exercises. So he is kind of(health).

14. His teachertook a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked himvery much for the sweet water.

15. (fail)is such a common matter that every one of us may meet it from time to time.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1.The fruits aresmall in size, but juicy and taste.

2.We are growingwonderfully tomatoes at no cost!

3.The teachershere are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also ourfriends.

4.No one in thecarriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.

5.That is toomuch for us, considering how closely the houses are.

Ⅲ.语法填空

The “Beginning of Summer” (Lixia) is the 1.(seven) of the 24 solar terms, falling on May 5 this year on the Gregoriancalendar. After the “Beginning of Summer”, trees put out2.(leaf), crops grow fast, the heat of summer approaches and farmers are verybusy.

People 3.(attach) great importance to the “Beginning of Summer” since ancient times. Itis 4.vital moment in the agricultural cycle. It 5.(record) that in the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC—221BC) the emperor would take histop civil and military officials to the outskirts of the capital on this day 6.(welcome) summer. He 7. also send otherofficials to encourage farmers to get on with their farm work.

As summer 8.(gradual) permeates the air, temperatures rise and hours of daylight lengthen.In towns, people cantwait to dress 9.(they)in their summer clothes, while in the countryside, farmers busythemselves clearing out their barns 10. the summer harvestapproaches. In southern China, farmers plant different kinds of vegetables inthe fields.

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