同位语从句和定语从句的区别(“同位语从句和定语从句”的区别)

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同位语从句和定语从句的区别(“同位语从句和定语从句”的区别)抓住这3点,轻松掌握“同位语从句和定语从句”的区别

同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要表现在以下三方面:

1. 从词类上区别:

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词。主句的一部分或是整个主句。

The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.

人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句)

We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.

我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句)

Word came that he had been abroad.

据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句)

Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.

我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.

你找的那位医生在房间里面。(定语从句)

His mother did all she could to help him with his study.

他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习。(定语从句,代词all作先行词)

2. 从性质上区别 :

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如:

①The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)

The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)

②I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。

(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言)

The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。

(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语)

3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别

有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)

I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事。(同位语从句)

引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略;that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。如:

The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.

我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)

The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.

我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)

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一,从结构上区分:that是否作成分

that在定语从句中要充当成分,比如作从句的主语或宾语;而that在同位语从句中不作任何成分,仅起连词的作用。换句话说,定语从句的结构是“名词+ that +不完整的句子”,而同位语从句的结构是“名词+ that +完整的陈述句”。

1) The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue.(定语从句)

2) The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.(同位语从句)

妙语点睛: 以上两句的先行词都是the rumor,连词都是that。但例句1)中的that在从句中作成分,充当spread的宾语,故例句1)为定语从句。例句2)中的that在从句中不作任何成分,因为从句Tom was a thief是一个完整的句子,不缺少任何成分。故其为同位语从句,作the rumor的同位语,补充说明the rumor的具体内容。

精品译文 :

1)他到处散布的那个谣言,结果证明是假的。

2)有人谣传说Tom是窃贼,结果证明是假的。

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1) The fact that we talked about is very important.(定语从句)

2) The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.(同位语从句)

妙语点睛 :例句1)中的that作talked about的宾语,故例句1)为定语从句。例句2)中的that不充当成分,因为he succeeded in the experiment是一个完整的陈述句,故其为同位语从句。

精品译文 :

1)我们讨论的这些情况很重要。

2)他的实验成功了,这让大家都很高兴。

二,从意义上区分:that引导的从句的意义不同

两类从句在意义上也不同:

定语从句相当于形容词,对先行词起修饰、描述和限制的作用;

同位语从句相当于一个名词,对其前面名词内容的具体表述,二者是同位关系。

1) The news that you heard is not true.

2) The news that Lincoln was murdered at a theater is true.

妙语点睛: 例句1)中的定语从句that you heard并不是表示news的内容,只是在限制news所指的范围,即“你听到的那个消息”。例句2)中的同位语从句that Lincoln was murdered at a theater是表示news的具体内容,在意义上与news构成同位关系。

精品译文 :

1)你听到的那个消息并不是真实的。

2)有消息说林肯是在一个剧院被刺杀的,这是真的。

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1) The fact that you pointed out made me interested.

2) The fact that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all.

妙语点睛: 例句1)中的定语从句that you pointed out并不是表示fact的内容,只是在限制fact的所指范围,即“你指出的这个事实”。例句2)中的同位语从句that there are no lives on the moon是表示fact的具体内容,在意义上与fact构成同位关系。

精品译文 :

1)你指出的这一点,我很感兴趣。

2)众所周知,月球上并没有生命存在。

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